From the workbench
A little context.
A clearer result.
Worked examples and practical notes on choosing inputs, understanding a model, and knowing when to look further.
Sizing a hold-up capacitor
Work from load power, interruption time, and the usable voltage window to an ideal capacitance. Then check what a real capacitor and converter need.
Understanding resistor-divider tolerance
Calculate the worst-case output of a two-resistor divider, then see why loading and ADC settling need their own checks.
Estimating a 50 Ω PCB trace
Choose a cross-section, measure the dielectric gap correctly, and use a published microstrip example to check a first impedance estimate.
Choosing a numerical integration method
Compare midpoint, trapezoid, and Simpson rules on a known integral, then use refinement to judge a result when the exact answer is unavailable.
Finding and checking eigenvalues
Work through a small matrix, check its eigenvectors by multiplication, and see what changes when the eigenvalues are complex or repeated.
Solving a first-order initial-value problem
Use an initial value to select a solution of y′ = ay + b, check it by substitution, and compare the closed form with Euler and Runge–Kutta estimates.
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